CSAFE’s Latest Resources
Change cannot happen without community. CSAFE is passionate about achieving its mission to apply a statistically sound and scientifically solid foundation to the interpretation of forensic evidence. To that end, we invite fellow scientists and researchers, along with those in the forensic and legal communities, to use and share these resources as we work together to elevate forensic science and technology.
Knowledge Transfer
Found 372 Results
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Forensic Footwear: A Retrospective of the Development of the MANTIS Shoe Scanning System
Type: Conference Proceeding,Publication Research Area(s): Footwear,Implementation and Practice
Published: 2024 | By: Richard Stone
There currently are no shoe-scanning devices developed in the United States that can operate in a real-world, variable-weather environment in real-time. Forensics-focused groups, including the NIJ, expressed the need for such a system. To accomplish this, there was first a…
Examiner consistency in perceptions of fingerprint minutia rarity
Type: Publication Research Area(s): Implementation and Practice,Latent Print
Published: 2024 | By: Adele Quigley-McBride
Friction ridge examiners (FREs) identify distinctive features (minutiae) in fingerprints and consider how rare these observed minutiae are in their decisions about both the value of a fingerprint and whether there is enough correspondence between two fingerprints to support an…
Significance of image brightness levels for PRNU camera identification
Type: Publication Research Area(s): Digital,Forensic Statistics
Published: 2024 | By: Abby Martin
A forensic investigator performing source identification on a questioned image from a crime aims to identify the unknown camera that acquired the image. On the camera sensor, minute spatial variations in intensities between pixels, called photo response non-uniformity (PRNU), provide…
Methodological problems in every black-box study of forensic firearm comparisons
Type: Publication Research Area(s): Firearms and Toolmarks,Forensic Statistics
Published: 2024 | By: Maria Cuellar
Reviews conducted by the National Academy of Sciences (2009) and the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (2016) concluded that the field of forensic firearm comparisons has not been demonstrated to be scientifically valid. Scientific validity requires adequately…
A Survey of Naming Conventions for Different Minutia Types in Friction Ridge Examination
Type: Publication Research Area(s): Latent Print
Published: 2024 | By: Heidi Eldridge
Latent print examiners (LPEs) consider the type and rarity of the features found within friction ridge impressions when determining the suitability of questioned impressions for comparison and when forming opinions about the source of an impression. During training, minutiae are…
First impressions matter: Mundane obstacles to a forensic device for probabilistic reporting in fingerprint analysis
Type: Publication Research Area(s): Forensic Statistics,Latent Print
Published: 2025 | By: Simon Cole
This article investigates why statistical reasoning has had little impact on the practice of friction ridge (or ‘fingerprint’) examination, despite both interest and some modest scientific progress toward this goal. Previous research has attributed this lack of results to practitioner…
How signature complexity affects expert and lay ability to distinguish genuine, disguised and simulated signatures
Type: Publication Research Area(s): Handwriting
Published: 2024 | By: Nicholas Scurich
This study examined how variations in signature complexity affected the ability of forensic document examiners (FDEs) and laypeople to determine whether signatures are authentic or simulated (forged), as well as whether they are disguised. Forty-five FDEs from nine countries evaluated…
A Dirichlet process model for directional-linear data with application to bloodstain pattern analysis
Type: Publication Research Area(s): Bloodstain,Forensic Statistics
Published: 2024 | By: Tong Zou
Directional data require specialized models because of the non-Euclidean nature of their domain. When a directional variable is observed jointly with linear variables, modeling their dependence adds an additional layer of complexity. A Bayesian nonparametric approach is introduced to analyze…
A Quantitative Approach for Forensic Footwear Quality Assessment using Machine and Deep Learning
Type: Publication Research Area(s): Footwear,Forensic Statistics
Published: 2025 | By: Bismita Choudhury
Forensic footwear impressions play a crucial role in criminal investigations, assisting in possible suspect identification. The quality of an impression collected from a crime scene directly impacts the forensic information that can be garnered from any future comparison, which in…
Density-based matching rule: Optimality, estimation, and application in forensic problems
Type: Publication Research Area(s): Forensic Statistics
Published: 2024 | By: Lee, Hana
We consider matching problems where the goal is to determine whether two observations randomly drawn from a population with multiple (sub)groups are from the same (sub)group. This is a key question in forensic science, where items with unidentified origins from…
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