{"id":4861,"date":"2020-06-30T15:27:06","date_gmt":"2020-06-30T20:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bluerockdesigns.info\/?page_id=4861"},"modified":"2023-09-13T10:15:37","modified_gmt":"2023-09-13T15:15:37","slug":"statistics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/","title":{"rendered":"Statistics"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4861\" class=\"elementor elementor-4861\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e77381c elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-bottom elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e77381c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;9039f53&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;33&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:&quot;55&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;cover&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;bgposition&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-586650df\" data-id=\"586650df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59043d00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59043d00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Statistics<\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-348dd99e elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"348dd99e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;01b7a88&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}],&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-28285655\" data-id=\"28285655\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24a80ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24a80ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Overarching<\/strong> GOALS<\/h2><p>CSAFE is committed to leveraging statistical methods developed in one field of application for use in forensic science, as appropriate. Through research methods, CSAFE professionals are assessing reliability of categorical conclusions, investigations of properties of machine learning algorithms, and studies of score-based likelihood ratios to inform multiple domains.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-column-link elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b73e232\" data-raven-link=\"#knowledgetransfer\" data-raven-link-target=\"_self\" data-id=\"3b73e232\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3da8234e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3da8234e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #8bc340\">Looking for<\/span><\/h4><h3>WEBINARS, <br \/>Short courses, presentations or publications<\/h3><h4><span style=\"color: #8bc340\">on Statistics?<\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a2dfc66 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6a2dfc66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#knowledgetransfer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Knowledge Transfer<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c44227f elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c44227f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;eac8c8a&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d5847a5\" data-id=\"1d5847a5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2515d474 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-team-member\" data-id=\"2515d474\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-team-member.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-team-member jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-team-member\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-team-member__inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-team-member__image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-team-member__cover\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<figure class=\"jet-team-member__figure\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/stern-hal.jpg\" class=\"jet-team-member__img-tag\" alt=\"Hal Stern\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/stern-hal.jpg 500w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/stern-hal-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/stern-hal-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/figure>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-team-member__content\"><h4 class=\"jet-team-member__name\"><span class=\"jet-team-member__name-first\">Hal S.<\/span><span class=\"jet-team-member__name-last\"> Stern<\/span><\/h4><div class=\"jet-team-member__position\"><span>Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor and Chancellor's Professor, Co-Director of CSAFE<\/span><\/div><p class=\"jet-team-member__desc\">University of California, Irvine\n<\/p><div class=\"jet-team-member__socials\"><div class=\"jet-team-member__socials-item\"><a href=\"mailto:sternh@uci%20.edu\" aria-label=\"Email\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"jet-team-member__socials-icon\"><div class=\"inner\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26b65c17\" data-id=\"26b65c17\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-121c96b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-team-member\" data-id=\"121c96b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-team-member.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-team-member jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-team-member\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-team-member__inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-team-member__image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-team-member__cover\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<figure class=\"jet-team-member__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/DanicaOmmen_web.jpg\" class=\"jet-team-member__img-tag\" alt=\"DanicaOmmen_web\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/DanicaOmmen_web.jpg 500w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/DanicaOmmen_web-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/DanicaOmmen_web-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/figure>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-team-member__content\"><h4 class=\"jet-team-member__name\"><span class=\"jet-team-member__name-first\">Danica<\/span><span class=\"jet-team-member__name-last\"> Ommen<\/span><\/h4><div class=\"jet-team-member__position\"><span>Associate Professor <\/span><\/div><p class=\"jet-team-member__desc\">Iowa State University<\/p><div class=\"jet-team-member__socials\"><div class=\"jet-team-member__socials-item\"><a href=\"mailto:dmommen@iastate.edu\" aria-label=\"Email\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"jet-team-member__socials-icon\"><div class=\"inner\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-11de7cdb elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"11de7cdb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;b0d6f45&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2efc8be9\" data-id=\"2efc8be9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-473c8a36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"473c8a36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #cd202f\">Additional Team Members<\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cc1e873 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cc1e873\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;25bf08a&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-517972b4\" data-id=\"517972b4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c2fc965 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c2fc965\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #1b3d6e\"><strong>Naomi Kaplan-Damry <\/strong><\/span> nkapland@uci.edu<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-37a500b\" data-id=\"37a500b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-727c958 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"727c958\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong style=\"color: #1b3d6e\">Alicia Carriquiry<\/strong><br \/>alicia@iastate.edu<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-395444ce\" data-id=\"395444ce\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56d630ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56d630ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"color: #1b3d6e\"><strong>Heike Hofmann\n<\/strong><\/span> hofmann@iastate.edu\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53f696ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53f696ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4bfe9f7\" data-id=\"4bfe9f7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5cc6d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5cc6d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #1b3d6e\"><strong>Steve Lund (NIST)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>steven.lund@nist.gov<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1b2b9974 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1b2b9974\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;c0c6b55&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}],&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c7e7dc\" data-id=\"3c7e7dc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad7d92 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ad7d92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;a9bdc2b&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-18050400\" data-id=\"18050400\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aecfd4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aecfd4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>focus <strong>Areas<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d9e0d43 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d9e0d43\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;9c61a71&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e4536a2\" data-id=\"6e4536a2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3de4152f elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"3de4152f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Layer_1\" data-name=\"Layer 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 38 38\"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:none;stroke:#068244;stroke-miterlimit:10;}.cls-2{fill:#068244;}<\/style><\/defs><title>plussign<\/title><circle class=\"cls-1\" cx=\"19\" cy=\"19\" r=\"18.5\"><\/circle><path class=\"cls-2\" d=\"M346.89,147.6h-6.37v6.27h-2.94V147.6h-6.37v-2.76h6.37v-6.3h2.94v6.3h6.37Z\" transform=\"translate(-319.82 -127.7)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Layer_1\" data-name=\"Layer 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 38 38\"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:none;stroke:#cd2030;stroke-miterlimit:10;}.cls-2{fill:#cd2030;}<\/style><\/defs><title>minussign<\/title><circle class=\"cls-1\" cx=\"19\" cy=\"19\" r=\"18.5\"><\/circle><path class=\"cls-2\" d=\"M336.08,147.39h9.42v2.91h-9.42Z\" transform=\"translate(-321.56 -129.7)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Project STAT.I \u2013 Statistical Methods to Assess Reliability, Reproducibility and Accuracy of Categorical Forensic Opinions<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1031\"><p>CSAFE researchers are using traditional logistic models to study the performance characteristics of individual examiners and individual examples, as well as aggregate performance characteristics for the population. We are aiming to learn about the efficiency of individual examiners and about the population of examiners.<\/p><p>In many forensic science disciplines, especially those involving pattern comparisons, the most common approach to analysis of the evidence involves a series of binary or categorical decisions regarding the evidence. For example, in latent print analysis an examiner initially decides about whether the latent print has enough information to make a formal identification, or not enough value (i.e., there is not enough information to perform the comparison). Following this, assuming the print is of value, the examiner will reach a final decision that is again expressed in categorical terms (e.g., identification, inconclusive, exclusion). There is currently considerable discussion about the role of likelihood ratios in the analysis of forensic evidence. The ENFSI guidelines endorse this approach. Ongoing discussion about the next steps in forensic pattern evidence analysis in the United States however suggests maintaining the focus on categorical outcomes, with perhaps more potential outcomes allowed (a 5-point or larger scale). To date evaluations of forensic examiners have focused primarily on binary decisions (did they correctly identify a pair of known matching items?). There is a need for developing statistical approaches to reliability and validity studies using categorical scales.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>The presumed setup for this research project is that data has been collected from a number of forensic science examiners on a number of cases or examples. For each examiner\u2013example pair we have the outcome of the analysis (e.g., determination of value, conclusion with respect to source) on a categorical scale. There may also be data available about characteristics of the examiners and about characteristics of the examples. As a starting point for the research we will consider analyses treating each category as a binary response. This would, for example, in the latent print case, correspond to studying the probability of a VID (value for identification) decision (yes\/no) and assessing variation in the decision-making process across examiners and examples. This can be done with traditional logistic models or with the closely related item response theory models used in educational testing. Using such models allows one to obtain information about the performance characteristics of individual examiners (and individual examples) as well as aggregate performance characteristics for the population. The next stage of the analysis will consider generalizations of these models to handle the multiple-category variables.\u00a0 This will focus on multinomial models, including those developed by considering underlying latent continuous variables. The aim of these models, like those described above, is to learn about the efficiency of individual examiners and about the population of examiners.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Layer_1\" data-name=\"Layer 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 38 38\"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:none;stroke:#068244;stroke-miterlimit:10;}.cls-2{fill:#068244;}<\/style><\/defs><title>plussign<\/title><circle class=\"cls-1\" cx=\"19\" cy=\"19\" r=\"18.5\"><\/circle><path class=\"cls-2\" d=\"M346.89,147.6h-6.37v6.27h-2.94V147.6h-6.37v-2.76h6.37v-6.3h2.94v6.3h6.37Z\" transform=\"translate(-319.82 -127.7)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Layer_1\" data-name=\"Layer 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 38 38\"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:none;stroke:#cd2030;stroke-miterlimit:10;}.cls-2{fill:#cd2030;}<\/style><\/defs><title>minussign<\/title><circle class=\"cls-1\" cx=\"19\" cy=\"19\" r=\"18.5\"><\/circle><path class=\"cls-2\" d=\"M336.08,147.39h9.42v2.91h-9.42Z\" transform=\"translate(-321.56 -129.7)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Project STAT.II \u2013 Validation and Reliability of Score-Based Likelihood Ratios (SLRs) for Forensic Evidence<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1032\"><p>The primary goals of the proposed project are to (1) explore the strengths and weaknesses of score-based likelihood ratios (SLRs) for quantifying the value of evidence from a statistical perspective, (2) explore the strengths and weaknesses of SLRs from the perspective of forensic evidence interpretation, and (3) determine whether it is possible to develop a framework of evidence interpretation which exploits the strengths of SLRs for impression and pattern evidence. This project would greatly benefit the forensic science community by providing those who wish to use SLRs with a list of recognized strengths and weaknesses, with supporting reasons, as well as a framework for expressing conclusions regarding the SLR results.<\/p><p>Score-based likelihood ratios (SLRs) are becoming increasingly popular for analyzing impression and pattern evidence due to the inherent difficulties in computing Bayes Factors. Some researchers have argued against the use of SLRs within a Bayesian decision paradigm for philosophical reasons, often citing a lack of coherence. Additionally, these researchers might argue that SLRs don\u2019t actually approximate a Bayes Factor, and worse still, there is no indication of how far an SLR may be from the corresponding Bayes Factor. Other researchers have argued that there is no issue with using score-based likelihood ratios in a Bayesian decision paradigm as long as that SLR is accompanied by a measure of calibration of the SLR system. Regardless of which viewpoint one takes, the fact remains that very little research has been published on whether or not SLRs have any validity for quantifying the value of forensic evidence. The primary goals of the proposed project are to (1) explore the strengths and weaknesses of SLRs for quantifying the value of evidence from a statistical perspective, (2) explore the strengths and weaknesses of SLRs from the perspective of forensic evidence interpretation, and (3) determine whether it is possible to develop a framework of evidence interpretation which exploits the strengths of SLRs for impression and pattern evidence. Many forensic science researchers and practitioners have a strong desire for quantitative results for impression and pattern evidence to bolster their \u201csubjective\u201d opinions. This project would greatly benefit the forensic science community by providing those who wish to use SLRs with a list of recognized strengths and weaknesses, with supporting reasons, as well as a framework for expressing conclusions regarding the SLR results.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Layer_1\" data-name=\"Layer 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 38 38\"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:none;stroke:#068244;stroke-miterlimit:10;}.cls-2{fill:#068244;}<\/style><\/defs><title>plussign<\/title><circle class=\"cls-1\" cx=\"19\" cy=\"19\" r=\"18.5\"><\/circle><path class=\"cls-2\" d=\"M346.89,147.6h-6.37v6.27h-2.94V147.6h-6.37v-2.76h6.37v-6.3h2.94v6.3h6.37Z\" transform=\"translate(-319.82 -127.7)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Layer_1\" data-name=\"Layer 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 38 38\"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:none;stroke:#cd2030;stroke-miterlimit:10;}.cls-2{fill:#cd2030;}<\/style><\/defs><title>minussign<\/title><circle class=\"cls-1\" cx=\"19\" cy=\"19\" r=\"18.5\"><\/circle><path class=\"cls-2\" d=\"M336.08,147.39h9.42v2.91h-9.42Z\" transform=\"translate(-321.56 -129.7)\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Project STAT.III \u2013 Machine Learning Methods for Dependent Score Data Resulting From Forensic Evidence Comparisons<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1033\"><p>The primary goals of this project are to (1) explore the extent to which violating the assumption of independence affects the performance of the scoring methods and (2) develop machine learning methods for evaluating comparison scores for forensic evidence which can accommodate and\/or adjust for the dependency in the data. The proposed research will impact the community by providing more statistically rigorous methods of computing score-based likelihood ratios for impression and pattern evidence.<\/p><p>Pattern and impression evidence results in data that is inherently high-dimensional and difficult to model statistically. Therefore, many researchers have focused on methods of measuring the similarity between two objects instead. This comparison results in a low-dimensional score which is much easier to model. CSAFE researchers have relied on statistical machine learning algorithms to compute the scores. One of the difficulties with these methods is that the pairwise comparison of all the evidential objects results in a set of dependent scores. This is because any of the scores that contain the same object as one of the two in the comparison will be dependent. The difficulty lies in the fact that while machine learning methods do not have any distributional assumptions, most assume independence between the observations in the data. The primary goals of this project are to (1) explore the extent to which violating the assumption of independence affects the performance of the scoring methods and (2) develop machine learning methods for evaluating comparison scores for forensic evidence that can accommodate and\/or adjust for the dependency in the data. The proposed research will impact the community by providing more statistically rigorous methods of computing score-based likelihood ratios for impression and pattern evidence. This project builds on the work achieved during the first five years in Project CC, \u201cStatistical and Algorithmic Approaches to Matching Bullets\u201d and in Project EE, \u201cStatistical and Algorithmic Approaches to Shoeprint Analysis,\u201d by critically evaluating the current methods for violations of assumptions and potential areas for correction and improvement before the current methods are deployed in crime labs.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-588f1c6c elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"588f1c6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"knowledgetransfer\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;e965d4f&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}],&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-783dcaaa\" data-id=\"783dcaaa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47169468 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47169468\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Knowledge Transfer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ec35b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2ec35b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;7847e89&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-aa2d265\" data-id=\"aa2d265\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-985893f elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"985893f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><form data-sf-form-id='5297' data-is-rtl='0' data-maintain-state='' data-results-url='https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/' data-ajax-url='https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/?sfid=5297&amp;sf_action=get_data&amp;sf_data=all' data-ajax-form-url='https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/?sfid=5297&amp;sf_action=get_data&amp;sf_data=form' data-display-result-method='shortcode' data-use-history-api='1' data-template-loaded='0' data-lang-code='en' data-ajax='1' data-ajax-data-type='json' data-ajax-links-selector='.pagination a' data-ajax-target='#search-filter-results-5297' data-ajax-pagination-type='normal' data-update-ajax-url='1' data-only-results-ajax='1' data-scroll-to-pos='0' data-init-paged='1' data-auto-update='1' data-auto-count='1' data-auto-count-refresh-mode='1' action='https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/' method='post' class='searchandfilter' id='search-filter-form-5297' autocomplete='off' data-instance-count='1'><ul><li class=\"sf-field-search\" data-sf-field-name=\"search\" data-sf-field-type=\"search\" data-sf-field-input-type=\"\">\t\t<label>\n\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Search<\/span><input placeholder=\"Search \u2026\" name=\"_sf_search[]\" class=\"sf-input-text\" type=\"text\" value=\"\" title=\"Search\"><\/label>\t\t<\/li><li class=\"sf-field-post-meta-audience\" data-sf-field-name=\"_sfm_audience\" data-sf-field-type=\"post_meta\" data-sf-field-input-type=\"checkbox\" data-sf-meta-type=\"choice\"><h4>Audience<\/h4>\t\t<ul data-operator=\"or\" class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  <li class=\"sf-level-0 \" data-sf-count=\"79\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Forensic Science Professional\" name=\"_sfm_audience[]\" id=\"sf-input-5013fc58c70a78c9cd08d0c9926e191b\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-5013fc58c70a78c9cd08d0c9926e191b\">Forensic Science Professional<\/label><\/li><li class=\"sf-level-0 \" data-sf-count=\"51\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Legal Community\" name=\"_sfm_audience[]\" id=\"sf-input-9696d47f1ff68f88febabf159b7a797d\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-9696d47f1ff68f88febabf159b7a797d\">Legal Community<\/label><\/li><li class=\"sf-level-0 \" data-sf-count=\"67\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"Students\" name=\"_sfm_audience[]\" id=\"sf-input-8833aa309d0dc8dfbda24d3c461915bc\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-8833aa309d0dc8dfbda24d3c461915bc\">Students<\/label><\/li>\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li><li class=\"sf-field-taxonomy-portfolio_category\" data-sf-field-name=\"_sft_portfolio_category\" data-sf-field-type=\"taxonomy\" data-sf-field-input-type=\"checkbox\"><h4>Type<\/h4>\t\t<ul data-operator=\"or\" class=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t  <li class=\"sf-level-0 sf-item-28\" data-sf-count=\"12\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"webinar\" name=\"_sft_portfolio_category[]\" id=\"sf-input-e47861fb7723cbbbadfcb1a2daa5d333\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-e47861fb7723cbbbadfcb1a2daa5d333\">Webinar<\/label><\/li><li class=\"sf-level-0 sf-item-64\" data-sf-count=\"7\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"shortcourses\" name=\"_sft_portfolio_category[]\" id=\"sf-input-057a4daebf28cb45e492bbc4ed99209f\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-057a4daebf28cb45e492bbc4ed99209f\">Short Courses<\/label><\/li><li class=\"sf-level-0 sf-item-66\" data-sf-count=\"1\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"reports\" name=\"_sft_portfolio_category[]\" id=\"sf-input-44788624d7479beb6a63e91d40261109\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-44788624d7479beb6a63e91d40261109\">Reports<\/label><\/li><li class=\"sf-level-0 sf-item-65\" data-sf-count=\"23\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"publication\" name=\"_sft_portfolio_category[]\" id=\"sf-input-e062afd15bda93ae29d3c108b995dd5b\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-e062afd15bda93ae29d3c108b995dd5b\">Publication<\/label><\/li><li class=\"sf-level-0 sf-item-63\" data-sf-count=\"35\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"presentation\" name=\"_sft_portfolio_category[]\" id=\"sf-input-a7368a9ed9b3b25475b60fd5aa996adc\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-a7368a9ed9b3b25475b60fd5aa996adc\">Presentation Slides<\/label><\/li><li class=\"sf-level-0 sf-item-98\" data-sf-count=\"6\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"poster\" name=\"_sft_portfolio_category[]\" id=\"sf-input-abc21496ae710fbbf859f9921a6ed4a3\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-abc21496ae710fbbf859f9921a6ed4a3\">Poster<\/label><\/li><li class=\"sf-level-0 sf-item-73\" data-sf-count=\"1\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"dissertation\" name=\"_sft_portfolio_category[]\" id=\"sf-input-1d7e66232f3c01446a6a394059c07b5e\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-1d7e66232f3c01446a6a394059c07b5e\">Dissertation<\/label><\/li><li class=\"sf-level-0 sf-item-102\" data-sf-count=\"1\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"conference-proceeding\" name=\"_sft_portfolio_category[]\" id=\"sf-input-b421390ec63edac6779b7816a0d8e574\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-b421390ec63edac6779b7816a0d8e574\">Conference Proceeding<\/label><\/li><li class=\"sf-level-0 sf-item-72\" data-sf-count=\"1\" data-sf-depth=\"0\"><input  class=\"sf-input-checkbox\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"book-chapter\" name=\"_sft_portfolio_category[]\" id=\"sf-input-ce317e1abf6f272900b7807592bdf2b2\"><label class=\"sf-label-checkbox\" for=\"sf-input-ce317e1abf6f272900b7807592bdf2b2\">Book Chapter<\/label><\/li>\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li><\/ul><\/form><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-75fad53\" data-id=\"75fad53\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5e2be4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"b5e2be4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"search-filter-results\" id=\"search-filter-results-5297\">\t\n\tFound 82 Results<br \/>\n\tPage 1 of 5<br \/>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"pagination\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/source-camera-identification-with-multi-camera-smartphones\/\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/digital.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/digital.png 200w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementor\/thumbs\/digital-ouxp82hxtso7oeg82pf96wsmundj2qzfkt89vn0u88.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/source-camera-identification-with-multi-camera-smartphones\/\">Source Camera Identification with Multi-Camera Smartphones<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/presentation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Presentation Slides<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/digital\/\" rel=\"tag\">Digital<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Stephanie Reinders <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>An overview of source camera identification on multi-camera smartphones, and introduction to the new CSAFE multi-camera smartphone image database, and a summary of recent results on the iPhone 14 Pro's.           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/qzoDKmRw\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/an-alternative-statistical-framework-for-measuring-proficiency\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/fingerprints.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/fingerprints.png 200w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementor\/thumbs\/fingerprints-ouxop19lfkm6ko3k7z8877plsr6y7ef3ylnb0x8u88.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/an-alternative-statistical-framework-for-measuring-proficiency\/\">An alternative statistical framework for measuring proficiency<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/presentation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Presentation Slides<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/latentprint\/\" rel=\"tag\">Latent Print<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Amanda Luby <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>Item Response Theory, a class of statistical methods used prominently in educational testing, can be used to measure LPE proficiency in annual tests or research studies, while simultaneously accounting for varying difficulty among comparisons. Using black box studies in latent&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/gwW7obDw\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/examiner-variability-in-pattern-evidence-proficiency-inconclusive-tendency-and-reporting-styles\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/fingerprints.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/fingerprints.png 200w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementor\/thumbs\/fingerprints-ouxop19lfkm6ko3k7z8877plsr6y7ef3ylnb0x8u88.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/examiner-variability-in-pattern-evidence-proficiency-inconclusive-tendency-and-reporting-styles\/\">Examiner variability in pattern evidence: proficiency, inconclusive tendency, and reporting styles<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/presentation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Presentation Slides<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/latentprint\/\" rel=\"tag\">Latent Print<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Amanda Luby <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>The current approach to characterizing uncertainty in pattern evidence disciplines has focused on error rate studies, which provide aggregated error rates over many examiners and pieces of evidence. However, decisions are often not unanimous and error frequency is likely to&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/2vaZKlDr\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/statistical-interpretation-and-reporting-of-fingerprint-evidence-frstat-introduction-and-overview\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/fingerprints.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/fingerprints.png 200w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementor\/thumbs\/fingerprints-ouxop19lfkm6ko3k7z8877plsr6y7ef3ylnb0x8u88.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/statistical-interpretation-and-reporting-of-fingerprint-evidence-frstat-introduction-and-overview\/\">Statistical Interpretation and Reporting of Fingerprint Evidence: FRStat Introduction and Overview<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/presentation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Presentation Slides<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/shortcourses\/\" rel=\"tag\">Short Courses<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/latentprint\/\" rel=\"tag\">Latent Print<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/trainingeducation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Training and Education<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Jeff Salyards <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>The FRStat is a tool designed to help quantify the strength of fingerprint evidence. Following lengthy development and validation with assistance from CSAFE and NIST, in 2017 the FRStat was implemented at the USACIL. FRStat is now freely available and&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/9z0KROor\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/a-gentle-introduction-to-the-likelihood-ratio-basic-ideas-implementation-and-limitations\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"201\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268.png 201w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/a-gentle-introduction-to-the-likelihood-ratio-basic-ideas-implementation-and-limitations\/\">A Gentle Introduction to the Likelihood Ratio: Basic Ideas, Implementation, and Limitations<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/presentation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Presentation Slides<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Alicia Carriquiry <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>The workshop focuses on the likelihood ratio (LR) approach in forensic science. The LR, a one-number summary, quantifies how well the observations\/results are explained by the prosecution's versus the defense\u2019s propositions. While the basic idea behind the LR is simple&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/JvNVDaXv\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/shoeprint-alignment-and-comparison-using-maximum-cliques\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/footwear.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/footwear.png 200w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementor\/thumbs\/footwear-ouxpqy3930iiuh12ud6irnawc8bwnwxd68wbup179k.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/shoeprint-alignment-and-comparison-using-maximum-cliques\/\">Shoeprint Alignment and Comparison using Maximum Cliques<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/presentation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Presentation Slides<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/footwear\/\" rel=\"tag\">Footwear<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Gautham Venkatasubramanian <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>This presentation is from the 107th International Association for Identification (IAI) Annual Educational Conference, National Harbor, Maryland, August 20-26, 2023. Posted with permission of CSAFE.           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/Nr1Vbmoz\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/an-algorithm-for-source-identification-of-footwear-impressions-its-application-on-pristine-shoeprints-and-crime-scene-like-shoeprints\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/footwear-green.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/an-algorithm-for-source-identification-of-footwear-impressions-its-application-on-pristine-shoeprints-and-crime-scene-like-shoeprints\/\">An algorithm for source identification of footwear impressions\u2014its application on pristine shoeprints and crime-scene like shoeprints<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/presentation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Presentation Slides<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/footwear\/\" rel=\"tag\">Footwear<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Hana Lee <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>This presentation is from the 107th International Association for Identification (IAI) Annual Educational Conference, National Harbor, Maryland, August 20-26, 2023. Posted with permission of CSAFE.           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/EzR2A9gz\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/diagnostic-tools-for-automatic-cartridge-case-comparisons\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/firearms.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/firearms.png 200w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementor\/thumbs\/firearms-ouxodpbn1h3qlwk4e2w552njzj1nerflqiikqu1p8o.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/diagnostic-tools-for-automatic-cartridge-case-comparisons\/\">Diagnostic Tools for Automatic Cartridge Case Comparisons<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/presentation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Presentation Slides<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/firearmstoolmarks\/\" rel=\"tag\">Firearms and Toolmarks<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Joseph Zemmels <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>The following was presented at the Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners (AFTE) 2023, Austin, Texas, May 21-26, 2023. Copyright 2023, The Authors. Posted with permission of CSAFE.           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/dv6lV29z\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/algorithmic-assessment-of-striation-similarity-between-wire-cuts\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"201\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268.png 201w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/algorithmic-assessment-of-striation-similarity-between-wire-cuts\/\">Algorithmic assessment of striation similarity between wire cuts<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/presentation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Presentation Slides<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Yuhang Lin <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>The following was presented at the Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners (AFTE) 2023, Austin, Texas, May 21-26, 2023. Copyright 2023, The Authors. Posted with permission of CSAFE.           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/Dw88JXVw\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/variations-and-extensions-of-information-leakage-metrics-with-applications-to-privacy-problems-with-imperfect-statistical-information\/\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/digital.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/digital.png 200w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementor\/thumbs\/digital-ouxp82hxtso7oeg82pf96wsmundj2qzfkt89vn0u88.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/variations-and-extensions-of-information-leakage-metrics-with-applications-to-privacy-problems-with-imperfect-statistical-information\/\">Variations and Extensions of Information Leakage Metrics with Applications to Privacy Problems with Imperfect Statistical Information<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/conference-proceeding\/\" rel=\"tag\">Conference Proceeding<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/publication\/\" rel=\"tag\">Publication<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/digital\/\" rel=\"tag\">Digital<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Shahnewaz Karim Sakib <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>The conventional information leakage metrics assume that an adversary has complete knowledge of the distribution of the mechanism used to disclose information correlated with the sensitive attributes of a system. The only uncertainty arises from the specific realizations that are&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/VrO5xYow\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/camera-device-identification-and-the-effects-of-underexposure\/\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/digital.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/digital.png 200w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementor\/thumbs\/digital-ouxp82hxtso7oeg82pf96wsmundj2qzfkt89vn0u88.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/camera-device-identification-and-the-effects-of-underexposure\/\">Camera Device Identification and the Effects of Underexposure<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/dissertation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Dissertation<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/publication\/\" rel=\"tag\">Publication<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/digital\/\" rel=\"tag\">Digital<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Seth Pierre <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>Technology today allows a photograph from a digital camera to be matched with the camera that took it. However, the matching software was created over 10 years ago using data that is not necessarily representative of today\u2019s data. The objective&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/105645\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/shifting-decision-thresholds-can-undermine-the-probative-value-and-legal-utility-of-forensic-pattern-matching-evidence\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/implementation.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/shifting-decision-thresholds-can-undermine-the-probative-value-and-legal-utility-of-forensic-pattern-matching-evidence\/\">Shifting decision thresholds can undermine the probative value and legal utility of forensic pattern-matching evidence<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/publication\/\" rel=\"tag\">Publication<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/implementationpractice\/\" rel=\"tag\">Implementation and Practice<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: William Thompson <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>Forensic pattern analysis requires examiners to compare the patterns of items such as fingerprints or tool marks to assess whether they have a common source. This article uses signal detection theory to model examiners\u2019 reported conclusions (e.g., identification, inconclusive, or&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/jrl8Koqr\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/a-statistical-approach-to-aid-examiners-in-the-forensic-analysis-of-handwriting\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/handwriting.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/handwriting.png 200w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementor\/thumbs\/handwriting-ouxp00znctnwci4r18a5uxunvz0h7z23t0aq2ey3go.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/a-statistical-approach-to-aid-examiners-in-the-forensic-analysis-of-handwriting\/\">A statistical approach to aid examiners in the forensic analysis of handwriting<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/publication\/\" rel=\"tag\">Publication<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/handwriting\/\" rel=\"tag\">Handwriting<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Amy Crawford <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>We develop a statistical approach to model handwriting that accommodates all styles of writing (cursive, print, connected print). The goal is to compute a posterior probability of writership of a questioned document given a closed set of candidate writers. Such&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/Qr9m2X5r\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/ensemble-learning-for-score-likelihood-ratios-under-the-common-source-problem\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"201\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268.png 201w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/ensemble-learning-for-score-likelihood-ratios-under-the-common-source-problem\/\">Ensemble learning for score likelihood ratios under the common source problem<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/publication\/\" rel=\"tag\">Publication<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Federico Veneri <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>Machine learning-based score likelihood ratios (SLRs) have emerged as alternatives to traditional likelihood ratios and Bayes factors to quantify the value of evidence when contrasting two opposing propositions. When developing a conventional statistical model is infeasible, machine learning can be&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/5w5p7Xoz\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/a-method-for-quantifying-individual-decision-thresholds-of-latent-print-examiners\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/fingerprints.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/fingerprints.png 200w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementor\/thumbs\/fingerprints-ouxop19lfkm6ko3k7z8877plsr6y7ef3ylnb0x8u88.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/a-method-for-quantifying-individual-decision-thresholds-of-latent-print-examiners\/\">A method for quantifying individual decision thresholds of latent print examiners<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/publication\/\" rel=\"tag\">Publication<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/latentprint\/\" rel=\"tag\">Latent Print<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Amanda Luby <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>In recent years, \u2018black box\u2019 studies in forensic science have emerged as the preferred way to provide information about the overall validity of forensic disciplines in practice. These studies provide aggregated error rates over many examiners and comparisons, but errors&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/dvmqQVRv\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/the-q-q-boxplot\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"201\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268.png 201w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/the-q-q-boxplot\/\">The q\u2013q Boxplot<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/publication\/\" rel=\"tag\">Publication<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2021 | By: Jordan Rodu <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>Boxplots have become an extremely popular display of distribution summaries for collections of data, especially when we need to visualize summaries for several collections simultaneously. The whiskers in the boxplot show only the extent of the tails for most of&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/JvNV884v\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/the-contribution-of-forensic-and-expert-evidence-to-dna-exoneration-cases-an-interim-report\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/implementation.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/the-contribution-of-forensic-and-expert-evidence-to-dna-exoneration-cases-an-interim-report\/\">The Contribution of Forensic and Expert Evidence to DNA Exoneration Cases: An Interim Report<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/publication\/\" rel=\"tag\">Publication<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/reports\/\" rel=\"tag\">Reports<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/dna\/\" rel=\"tag\">DNA<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/implementationpractice\/\" rel=\"tag\">Implementation and Practice<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2023 | By: Simon Cole <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>This report is from Simon A. Cole, Vanessa Meterko, Sarah Chu, Glinda Cooper, Jessica Weinstock Paredes, Maurice Possley, and Ken Otterbourg (2022), The Contribution of Forensic and Expert Evidence to DNA Exoneration Cases: An Interim Report (National Registry of Exonerations&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/avVO4Vmr\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/likelihood-ratios-for-categorical-count-data-with-applications-in-digital-forensics\/\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/digital.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/digital.png 200w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementor\/thumbs\/digital-ouxp82hxtso7oeg82pf96wsmundj2qzfkt89vn0u88.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/likelihood-ratios-for-categorical-count-data-with-applications-in-digital-forensics\/\">Likelihood ratios for categorical count data with applications in digital forensics<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/publication\/\" rel=\"tag\">Publication<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/digital\/\" rel=\"tag\">Digital<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2022 | By: Rachel Longjohn <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>We consider the forensic context in which the goal is to assess whether two sets of observed data came from the same source or from different sources. In particular, we focus on the situation in which the evidence consists of&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/8zn7eKAw\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/csafe-project-update-ascld-frc-collaboration\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/implementation.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/csafe-project-update-ascld-frc-collaboration\/\">CSAFE Project Update &#038; ASCLD FRC Collaboration<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/presentation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Presentation Slides<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/digital\/\" rel=\"tag\">Digital<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/firearmstoolmarks\/\" rel=\"tag\">Firearms and Toolmarks<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/footwear\/\" rel=\"tag\">Footwear<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/handwriting\/\" rel=\"tag\">Handwriting<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/implementationpractice\/\" rel=\"tag\">Implementation and Practice<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2022 | By: Jeff Salyards <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>This presentation highlighted CSAFE's collaboration with the ASCLD FRC Collaboration Hub.           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/avVO4Ner\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"resultthumbnail\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/reliability-for-binary-and-ordinal-data-in-forensics-2\/\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"201\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268.png 201w, https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/CategoryIcons_Statistics-e1648568754268-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" itemprop=\"image\" \/><\/p><\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"resultinfo\">\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio\/reliability-for-binary-and-ordinal-data-in-forensics-2\/\">Reliability for Binary and Ordinal Data in Forensics<\/a><\/h4>\n\n            <p class=\"topicarea published\">Type: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-category\/presentation\/\" rel=\"tag\">Presentation Slides<\/a><\/strong> Research Area(s): <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/blog\/portfolio-tag\/general\/\" rel=\"tag\">Forensic Statistics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n            \n    <p class=\"published\"> Published: 2022 | By: Hina Arora <\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n           <p>Black-box studies are a crucial part of assessing the accuracy and reliability of subjective decisions in forensics. The extant black-box studies have generally had two components. In the first study, examiners are asked to assess forensic samples (typically questioned and&hellip;           \n            \n               <p class=\"published\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dr.lib.iastate.edu\/handle\/20.500.12876\/gwW7Jo7w\" target=\"_blank\">View on Digital Repository<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n            \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<hr \/>\n\t\t\tPage 1 of 5<br \/>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"pagination\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"nav-previous\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"nav-next\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/?sf_paged=2\" >Next Page > <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-451fb51d elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"451fb51d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;be41d5a&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}],&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d3ab6a\" data-id=\"8d3ab6a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b0ebadc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b0ebadc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>COMMUNITY CALL-TO-ACTION<\/h2><p>Want to collaborate with CSAFE on a project. Contact us to share your idea.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-43d91668 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43d91668\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;5140a10&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-40ee974a\" data-id=\"40ee974a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-598e55e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-ninja_forms_widget\" data-id=\"598e55e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-ninja_forms_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jupiterx-widget widget_ninja_forms_widget\"><div class=\"jupiterx-widget-content\"><noscript class=\"ninja-forms-noscript-message\">\n\tNotice: JavaScript is required for this content.<\/noscript>\n<div id=\"nf-form-2-cont\" class=\"nf-form-cont\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-labelledby=\"nf-form-title-2\" aria-describedby=\"nf-form-errors-2\" role=\"form\">\n\n    <div class=\"nf-loading-spinner\"><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n        <!-- That data is being printed as a workaround to page builders reordering the order of the scripts loaded-->\n        <script>var formDisplay=1;var nfForms=nfForms||[];var form=[];form.id='2';form.settings={\"objectType\":\"Form Setting\",\"editActive\":true,\"title\":\"CTA Test\",\"show_title\":0,\"allow_public_link\":0,\"embed_form\":\"\",\"clear_complete\":1,\"hide_complete\":1,\"default_label_pos\":\"above\",\"wrapper_class\":\"\",\"element_class\":\"\",\"key\":\"\",\"add_submit\":0,\"changeEmailErrorMsg\":\"Please enter a valid email address!\",\"changeDateErrorMsg\":\"Please enter a valid date!\",\"confirmFieldErrorMsg\":\"These fields must match!\",\"fieldNumberNumMinError\":\"Number Min Error\",\"fieldNumberNumMaxError\":\"Number Max Error\",\"fieldNumberIncrementBy\":\"Please increment by \",\"formErrorsCorrectErrors\":\"Please correct errors before submitting this form.\",\"validateRequiredField\":\"This is a required field.\",\"honeypotHoneypotError\":\"Honeypot Error\",\"fieldsMarkedRequired\":\"Fields marked with an <span class=\\\"ninja-forms-req-symbol\\\">*<\\\/span> are required\",\"currency\":\"\",\"unique_field_error\":\"A form with this value has already been submitted.\",\"logged_in\":false,\"not_logged_in_msg\":\"\",\"sub_limit_msg\":\"The form has reached its submission limit.\",\"calculations\":[],\"formContentData\":[\"firstname_1593542681798\",\"lastname_1593543036644\",\"phone_1593542705333\",\"email_1593542698092\",\"textarea_1593542709923\",\"submit_1593542774849\"],\"drawerDisabled\":false,\"ninjaForms\":\"Ninja Forms\",\"fieldTextareaRTEInsertLink\":\"Insert Link\",\"fieldTextareaRTEInsertMedia\":\"Insert Media\",\"fieldTextareaRTESelectAFile\":\"Select a file\",\"formHoneypot\":\"If you are a human seeing this field, please leave it empty.\",\"fileUploadOldCodeFileUploadInProgress\":\"File Upload in Progress.\",\"fileUploadOldCodeFileUpload\":\"FILE UPLOAD\",\"currencySymbol\":\"&#36;\",\"thousands_sep\":\",\",\"decimal_point\":\".\",\"siteLocale\":\"en_US\",\"dateFormat\":\"m\\\/d\\\/Y\",\"startOfWeek\":\"0\",\"of\":\"of\",\"previousMonth\":\"Previous Month\",\"nextMonth\":\"Next Month\",\"months\":[\"January\",\"February\",\"March\",\"April\",\"May\",\"June\",\"July\",\"August\",\"September\",\"October\",\"November\",\"December\"],\"monthsShort\":[\"Jan\",\"Feb\",\"Mar\",\"Apr\",\"May\",\"Jun\",\"Jul\",\"Aug\",\"Sep\",\"Oct\",\"Nov\",\"Dec\"],\"weekdays\":[\"Sunday\",\"Monday\",\"Tuesday\",\"Wednesday\",\"Thursday\",\"Friday\",\"Saturday\"],\"weekdaysShort\":[\"Sun\",\"Mon\",\"Tue\",\"Wed\",\"Thu\",\"Fri\",\"Sat\"],\"weekdaysMin\":[\"Su\",\"Mo\",\"Tu\",\"We\",\"Th\",\"Fr\",\"Sa\"],\"recaptchaConsentMissing\":\"reCaptcha validation couldn&#039;t load.\",\"recaptchaMissingCookie\":\"reCaptcha v3 validation couldn&#039;t load the cookie needed to submit the form.\",\"recaptchaConsentEvent\":\"Accept reCaptcha cookies before sending the form.\",\"currency_symbol\":\"\",\"beforeForm\":\"\",\"beforeFields\":\"\",\"afterFields\":\"\",\"afterForm\":\"\"};form.fields=[{\"objectType\":\"Field\",\"objectDomain\":\"fields\",\"editActive\":false,\"order\":1,\"label\":\"\",\"type\":\"firstname\",\"key\":\"firstname_1593542681798\",\"label_pos\":\"above\",\"required\":0,\"default\":\"First Name\",\"placeholder\":\"First Name\",\"container_class\":\"one-half first\",\"element_class\":\"\",\"admin_label\":\"\",\"help_text\":\"\",\"custom_name_attribute\":\"fname\",\"personally_identifiable\":1,\"value\":\"First Name\",\"drawerDisabled\":false,\"id\":8,\"beforeField\":\"\",\"afterField\":\"\",\"parentType\":\"firstname\",\"element_templates\":[\"firstname\",\"input\"],\"old_classname\":\"\",\"wrap_template\":\"wrap\"},{\"objectType\":\"Field\",\"objectDomain\":\"fields\",\"editActive\":false,\"order\":2,\"label\":\"\",\"type\":\"lastname\",\"key\":\"lastname_1593543036644\",\"label_pos\":\"above\",\"required\":false,\"default\":\"Last Name\",\"placeholder\":\"Last Name\",\"container_class\":\"one-half second\",\"element_class\":\"\",\"admin_label\":\"\",\"help_text\":\"\",\"custom_name_attribute\":\"lname\",\"personally_identifiable\":1,\"value\":\"Last Name\",\"drawerDisabled\":false,\"id\":13,\"beforeField\":\"\",\"afterField\":\"\",\"parentType\":\"lastname\",\"element_templates\":[\"lastname\",\"input\"],\"old_classname\":\"\",\"wrap_template\":\"wrap\"},{\"objectType\":\"Field\",\"objectDomain\":\"fields\",\"editActive\":false,\"order\":3,\"label\":\"\",\"type\":\"phone\",\"key\":\"phone_1593542705333\",\"label_pos\":\"above\",\"required\":false,\"default\":\"Phone\",\"placeholder\":\"Phone\",\"container_class\":\"one-half first\",\"element_class\":\"\",\"input_limit\":\"\",\"input_limit_type\":\"characters\",\"input_limit_msg\":\"Character(s) left\",\"manual_key\":false,\"admin_label\":\"\",\"help_text\":\"\",\"mask\":\"\",\"custom_mask\":\"\",\"custom_name_attribute\":\"phone\",\"personally_identifiable\":1,\"value\":\"Phone\",\"drawerDisabled\":false,\"id\":9,\"beforeField\":\"\",\"afterField\":\"\",\"parentType\":\"textbox\",\"element_templates\":[\"tel\",\"textbox\",\"input\"],\"old_classname\":\"\",\"wrap_template\":\"wrap\"},{\"objectType\":\"Field\",\"objectDomain\":\"fields\",\"editActive\":false,\"order\":4,\"label\":\"\",\"type\":\"email\",\"key\":\"email_1593542698092\",\"label_pos\":\"hidden\",\"required\":1,\"default\":\"Email\",\"placeholder\":\"Email\",\"container_class\":\"one-half second\",\"element_class\":\"\",\"admin_label\":\"\",\"help_text\":\"\",\"custom_name_attribute\":\"email\",\"personally_identifiable\":1,\"value\":\"Email\",\"drawerDisabled\":false,\"id\":10,\"beforeField\":\"\",\"afterField\":\"\",\"parentType\":\"email\",\"element_templates\":[\"email\",\"input\"],\"old_classname\":\"\",\"wrap_template\":\"wrap\"},{\"objectType\":\"Field\",\"objectDomain\":\"fields\",\"editActive\":false,\"order\":5,\"label\":\"\",\"type\":\"textarea\",\"key\":\"textarea_1593542709923\",\"label_pos\":\"hidden\",\"required\":1,\"default\":\"Message\",\"placeholder\":\"Message\",\"container_class\":\"\",\"element_class\":\"\",\"input_limit\":\"\",\"input_limit_type\":\"characters\",\"input_limit_msg\":\"Character(s) left\",\"manual_key\":false,\"admin_label\":\"\",\"help_text\":\"\",\"textarea_rte\":\"\",\"disable_rte_mobile\":\"\",\"textarea_media\":\"\",\"value\":\"Message\",\"drawerDisabled\":false,\"id\":11,\"beforeField\":\"\",\"afterField\":\"\",\"parentType\":\"textarea\",\"element_templates\":[\"textarea\",\"input\"],\"old_classname\":\"\",\"wrap_template\":\"wrap\"},{\"objectType\":\"Field\",\"objectDomain\":\"fields\",\"editActive\":false,\"order\":6,\"label\":\"Submit\",\"type\":\"submit\",\"processing_label\":\"Processing\",\"container_class\":\"\",\"element_class\":\"\",\"key\":\"submit_1593542774849\",\"drawerDisabled\":false,\"id\":12,\"beforeField\":\"\",\"afterField\":\"\",\"value\":\"\",\"label_pos\":\"above\",\"parentType\":\"textbox\",\"element_templates\":[\"submit\",\"button\",\"input\"],\"old_classname\":\"\",\"wrap_template\":\"wrap-no-label\"}];nfForms.push(form);<\/script>\n        <\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Statistics Overarching GOALS CSAFE is committed to leveraging statistical methods developed in one field of application for use in forensic science, as appropriate. Through research methods, CSAFE professionals are assessing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Statistics - Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/\",\"name\":\"Statistics - Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/stern-hal.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-30T20:27:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-09-13T15:15:37+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/stern-hal.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/stern-hal.jpg\",\"width\":500,\"height\":500,\"caption\":\"Hal Stern\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Statistics\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/\",\"name\":\"Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"CSAFE\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence\",\"alternateName\":\"CSAFE\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/csafe-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/csafe-logo.jpg\",\"width\":576,\"height\":360,\"caption\":\"Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Statistics - Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/","url":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/","name":"Statistics - Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/stern-hal.jpg","datePublished":"2020-06-30T20:27:06+00:00","dateModified":"2023-09-13T15:15:37+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/stern-hal.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/stern-hal.jpg","width":500,"height":500,"caption":"Hal Stern"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/statistics\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Statistics"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/","name":"Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#organization"},"alternateName":"CSAFE","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#organization","name":"Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence","alternateName":"CSAFE","url":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/csafe-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/csafe-logo.jpg","width":576,"height":360,"caption":"Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4861"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4861"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16574,"href":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4861\/revisions\/16574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forensicstats.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}